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Chongqing's comprehensive economic power has greatly increased in the last 20 years of the reform and opening to the outside world and especially since the establishment of the municipality of Chongqing directly under the central government. There has been remarkable development in modern industry, agriculture, transport, telecommunications, and commerce, and national economy has been growing in a continuous, rapid and healthy manner. The city's Gross Domestic Product reached 175 billion yuan in 2001, an 8.9% increase over the previous year at constant prices, 1.1% higher than the national average level; Investment in fixed asset amounted to 80.182 billion yuan, an annual increase of 22.3%; Local revenue was 12.641 billion yuan, an annual increase of 21.0%. While the economy is keeping increasing rapidly and economic structure is becoming more rational, the quality of economy functioning has been remarkably improved. The proportion of the primary industry, second industry, and tertiary industry has been adjusted to 16.7:41.5:41.8, realizing the tertiary industry over passed the second industry for the first time. The GDP mounted to 5654 Yuan per capita, 1740-Yuan higher than that before the Chongqing became the municipal city.
With the development of Chongqing's economy, people's life in the city has been improved steadily, with the success in the program of supporting the rural poor and the achievements in the goal of exceeding the poverty line in 18 counties .In 2001, per capita net income for rural population has reached 1971.2yuan, and per capita daily expenditure is1475.16 yuan; for the urban population, the per capita disposable income is 6721.09yuan, and the average pay for an employee in Chongqing is 8300 yuan. Personal bank savings balance in urban and rural areas totals 131.717 billion yuan. There is a remarkable change in the family expenditure: expenses on food, clothing and daily use are decreasing in the total family expenditure, while expenses on medical care; transport, education and housing are increasing. There is a steady increase in valuable durable household commodities; relaxation and tourism are becoming hot items of expenditure for the urban family. The quality of people's life in the city and the countryside has been steadily improving. The average resident area increased from 8m2 in 1996 to 11.47 m2 in 2001.
The countryside of Chongqing has a vast area and a large population, and farming resources have a great potential for future development. The diverse landforms and the agreeable climate facilitate the multi-lateral and ecological farming. It has an area of 1.622 m hectare farmland which is efficiently being applied. The farming, forestry, husbandry, and fishery are all together developing, and Chongqing has become one of China's important producers of grain and commodity pork. The major farming crops include rice, wheat, peas, sweet potatoes, corn, rapeseeds, etc.; main cash crops are oranges, tangerines, shaddocks, apples, tea, mustard tubers, and flue-cured tobacco; silkworm cocoons, poultry, the rhizome of Chinese goldthread and other products are selling well in the market. Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and ramie produced in Chongqing are well known in China and other parts of the world. Agriculture in Chongqing is transforming into an ecological mode of farming, and is taking on an industrial mode in management. The city has 6 leading farming enterprises at the national level and 40 key farming enterprises at the municipal level. The 8 projects of industrialization of agriculture are being undertaken and a set of agricultural bases has been set up. The output of crops reached 10.3535 m tons; and the pig production reached 17.4685 millions, cattle 412,600, sheep 182.62 millions. And the meat production reached 1,478,800 tons. Rural and township enterprises are developing rapidly both in speed and in economic benefits, and achieved additional value of 27.38 billion, an increase of 18.1% higher than previous year, which has strongly promoted the increase of the rural economy and enhanced the comprehensive economic power.
Chongqing, as one of the 6 old industrial bases in China and the earliest industrialized cities, is the nation's important base for machine industry, comprehensive chemistry, pharmaceutical industry, meters and instrument industry, and China's chief car and motorcycle producer. Heavy industry makes up the main part of the city's industry. Industry in Chongqing is complete in range and branches, capable of providing auxiliary items. There are more than 160,000 enterprises of various types, with a total capital of 166.7 billion yuan. Among the enterprises 1,900 are State-owned holding enterprises with a total capital of 140 billion yuan, ranking among the top few of major cities in China. Some industries have taken shape in the city, including machine-building industry with car and motorcycle making as the core, chemical industry with natural gas chemical industry and pharmaceutical industry as the main part. A number of advantageous industries are emerging in the city, including metallurgy, mechanical and electrical equipment, IT, instruments and meters, foodstuff processing, construction and building materials, and glassware and ceramics for daily use. Some brands of products made in Chongqing have become famous throughout the country, including cars, motorcycles, telecommunication equipment, instruments and meters, precision chemistry, quality steel and aluminum materials, and medicine. Development of new products and export has become the driving force that accelerates the development of the city's industry. A number of famous enterprises have become advanced units in the country and are going on the world arena: the Taiji Group, the Sichuan Vinylon Plant, Qingling automobile, the Chang'an Machine-Building Works, the Jialing Machine-Building Works, Jianshe Company, Lifan Company, Zongshen Company and Longxin Company, to name just a few. In 2001, the total industrial production value by industrial enterprises broke through 100bilion Yuan, reaching 107.283bilion Yuan, realizing additional value of 30.819 billion Yuan. The new production developed steadily. The state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises achieved a new production value of 21.429 billion Yuan, 10.5% higher than previous year, accounting for 20.2% of the total industrial production value. Architecture stayed in a fast development, realizing additional value of 15 billion Yuan, 14.3% higher than previous year.
With the convenience of water transport provided by the two rivers of the Yangtze and the Jialing, Chongqing has been a distributing center of commodities and a thriving business and trade center in southwest China since a long time ago. Today Chongqing has been the most vigorous and competitive business center in southwest China and on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Circulation of commodities in the city is thriving, and it ranks among the top few of Chinese major cities in terms of commercial establishments and commercial retail outlets, total value of retail of commodities. With purchase of commodities taking the lead, the Jiefangbei Shopping Plaza in downtown Chongqing and business pedestrians¡¯ streets have been built, combining the functions of finance, transport, restaurants, relaxation, recreation and cultural activities and tourism. A network of markets is taking shape with the city as the center and combining urban center and districts and counties, a network that radiates to cover southwest China and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, extending its influence far and wide to other parts of the country, and even to some countries and regions in southeast Asia. At present, in Chongqing there are more than 1,000 markets for various commodities and means of production, more than 23, 000 markets selling grain, meat, vegetables and fruits, and more than 400,000 networks of trading establishments, restaurants and various service centers. 46 special markets are very influential, including the Chaotianmen Comprehensive Trade Market, the Chongqing Car Trading City, the Chongqing Furniture Market, the Rhizome of Large-Headed Atractylodes Market in Shizhu County, and the Leather Market in Bishan County. During the 5 years since after Chongqing was pointed a municipality, the consumption retail volume reached 300.08 billion Yuan, which is 9.4% higher than previous one per year. In 2001, the consumption retail volume reached 69.938 billion Yuan, 8.7% higher than previous year. The retail volume per capita reached 2258.09 Yuan, which ranked the highest among the 12 provinces, prefectures and cities.
Financing service in Chongqing has a solid foundation and is developing rapidly. The financial market is thriving. With the largest foreign exchange market and short-term loan service between banks in southwest China, Chongqing is rising as the financial center in western China. At present there are 16 domestic banking establishments, 4 asset management companies, 2 trust investment companies, a financial service company and a credit cooperative union, forming a financial service system led by the People's Bank of China, with state-owned commercial banks as the principal part, combined with other commercial banks, non-bank financial establishments and overseas financial establishments. There are 63 stock exchange offices and 23 stock exchange service centers up to now, 28 listed companies in Chongqing, ranking the city No. 2 in the west regions of China. The Sumitomo Bank of Japan, Bank of Nova Scotia of Canada and Po Sang Bank Ltd. of Hong Kong have set up branch organizations. A number of overseas have set up their agencies in Chongqing, including Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Bank of East Asia in Hong Kong, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company of the United States, Sun Life Insurance Company of Canada and the Yasuda Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. of Japan.
Chongqing is the largest hub of water, land and air communications and post and telecommunications on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and in southwest China. Roads: There has been a high tide of construction of infrastructural facilities focusing on road building in Chongqing since Chongqing has become a municipality directly under the central government. The transport project ¡°within eight hours around Chongqing and half an hour around the main city¡± as the goal has been making a steady progress. Now there are trunk roads in the city with over 30000 kilometers open to traffic. Since Chongqing became a municipality, the road has been lengthened 3781 kilometers and 136 bridges have been built in the city and towns. 20 bridges have been built on the Yangtze River and Jialing River. A number of expressways have been completed and open to traffic, including, expressways between Chengdu and Chongqing, Chongqing and Changshou, Changshou and Fuling, Chongqing and Guizhou, with 4 high grade other expressways are under construction: including the expressways between Chongqing and Hechuan, Chongqing and Linshui. Railroads: After the completion of the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway (the first railway built after the founding of New China), two electric trunk lines of Xiangfan-Chongqing Railway and Sichuan-Guizhou railway were built, followed by five branch railways, forming part of the national railway network. Railway lines in Chongqing totals 595 kilometers. The Chongqing Railway Station at Caiyuanba is the pivot of the three trunk railroads and a center for passenger transport. Now, the construction of railway between Dazhou in Sichuan and Wanzhou in Chongqing has been completed, and the construction of the railway between Chongqing and Huaihua in Hunan Province and the Jiaochangkou - Xinshancun line of the light rail transit system in Chongqing are going on in full swing. The last two projects have been listed as two of the ten most important projects in the development of the western regions of China in 2000. Construction of two new railways is in preparation: the Suining ¨C Chongqing Railway and the Lanzhou ¨C Chongqing Railway. Water-borne transport: Chongqing is China's largest inland port city on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze and Jialing rivers and their tributaries form a water-borne transport network on the upper reaches of the Yangtze with Chongqing as the center. Along the Yangtze ports have been built at Wanzhou, Fuling and other places with dozens of docks for passengers and freight transport. River-sea through transport services has been offered from Chongqing to overseas ports via Shanghai. Thousand-ton ships can sail on the Yangtze all the year round; the mileage of river transport is more than 4,000 kilometers. Chongqing port is an open port of Category A of the national level, and the largest natural fine port on the upper reaches of the Yangtze. The handling capacity of the new Chongqing port is 10 million passengers and 10 million tons of cargo per year. When the Three Gorges Dam project is completed, fleets of ships of ten thousand tons can reach Chongqing port directly from Wuhan. In the last few years, transport by high-speed hydrofoils has been developing rapidly, greatly increasing economic results and competitive power of transport on the Yangtze. Air transport: Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport is an open port of Category A of the national level and a Class 1 standard civil airport. More than 70 lines have been opened that link up Chongqing with over 50 cities in China and other parts of the world, including international flights to Hong Kong and Macao regions of China and Nagoya, Bangkok, Seoul and Munich. Construction of Wanzhou Wuqiao Airport is going on underway and a plan is being drawn for the Qianjiang Airport. In 2001, the transport system received 600.87 million passengers, turned over 27.92 billions; transferred 38.887 billion tons of commodities, transported 294.7 million tons, and the ports shipped 28.4 million tons.
Chongqing is the control center for post and telecommunication services in southwest China. A system of modem telecommunications has appeared formed by microwaves, optical fibers, telecom satellites, program-controlled telephone, beep paging, fax, and other means. A digital data transmission network, a public data analysis and exchange network, mobile phone networks, public beep-paging networks in the city and satellite telecommunications network for national minority areas have been set up. Five open-wire carrier trunk telecommunication networks of Class 1 have been laid that link up Chongqing with Wuhan, Xi'an, Guiyang, Kunming and Chengdu. Three wave-carrier large diameter coaxial cables have also been laid to link up Chongqing and Wuhan Xia'an and Chengdu. A satellite earth station has been built, offering IDD telephone service that can put the user through to more than 180 countries and regions. 8-digital telephone numbers are used in all districts and counties in Chongqing, making it the largest local city telephone network in the world. The wide-band communication network that has just come into service has broadened the channels of communication between Chongqing and other parts of the world and has speeded up the development of the IT industry in the city. The city has 966 post routes with a total mileage of 123,898 kilometers; mail can reach 145 countries and regions. A number of new post services have been offered, including direct sending and delivery of business parcels, express mail, EMS, and mail exchanges between China and other countries. By the end of 2001, the fixed phone subscribers mounted up to 3.36 millions, the mobile subscribers reached 2.458 millions, and the Internet users climbed up to 226,000. |
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Chongqing Agriculture Commission |
Continuous Development of National Economy